State civil service positions
State civil service positions those established by law within:
•    ministries;
•    specialized bodies of the central public administration (e.g. agencies, authorities, etc.);
•    specialized structures of the Presidential Administration (e.g. the Chancellery of Orders);
•    specialized structures of the Romanian Parliament;
•    autonomous public authorities provided for in the Constitution of Romania and other autonomous administrative authorities, as well as within the structures of the judicial authority.

Territorial civil service position 
Territorial civil service positions are those established by law within:
•    the Prefect's Institution;
•    deconcentrated public services of the ministries and other central public administration bodies of the administrative-territorial units, as well as territorial public institutions subordinated/coordinated/under the authority of the Government, ministries and other central public administration bodies (e.g.: directorates, agencies etc.).

Local civil service positions
Local civil service positions are those established by law within:
•    the proper apparatus of local public administration authorities and public institutions subordinated to them (e.g.: town halls, county councils, local public services - taxes, personal records, etc.).

Executive civil service positions

The minimum professional experience in the field of studies required for the position is:

•    1 year for executive civil service positions at the assistant professional grade;
•    5 years for executive civil service positions at the principal professional grade;
•    7 years for executive civil service positions at the senior professional grade.

Management civil service positions

The minimum professional experience in the field of studies required for the position is:

•    5 years for the management civil service positions of head of unit and secretary; general of a commune, as well as for equivalent specific civil service positions;
•    7 years for all other management civil service positions.

To be eligible for a civil service position, a candidate must:

•    be a Romanian citizen and have domicile in Romania;
•    have a good command of the Romanian language, both spoken and written;
•    be at least 18 years of age;
•    have full legal capacity;
•    be medically and psychologically fit to perform the duties of a civil service position. Medical fitness is certified through a specialist medical examination conducted by the general practitioner, while psychological fitness is established through a psychological assessment carried out by accredited specialized providers, in accordance with the law;
•    meet the educational qualifications and the professional experience required for the position, as prescribed by law;
•    provide proof, by means of a certificate or other appropriate document, of having completed any training or specialization expressly required by law for the specific civil service position;
•    possess basic user-level information technology (IT) theoretic knowledge;
•    meet the requirement to obtain an endorsement or authorization, in accordance with the law, where such a requirement is established by law for the position concerned and is justified by the duties associated with that position and requiring such endorsement or authorization;
•    have been appointed through one of the recruitment procedures for civil service positions provided for under Article 466(2) of the Administrative Code;
•    not have been convicted of crimes against humanity, crimes against the state or public authority, corruption or service-related offences, offences obstructing the administration of justice, forgery offences, or any intentional criminal offence that would render the person incompatible with holding a civil service position, unless rehabilitation, post-conviction amnesty, or decriminalization of the offence has occurred;
•    not have been prohibited, by a final court judgment, in accordance with the law, from holding a civil service position or from practicing the profession or carrying out the activity in the course of which the offence was committed;
•    not have been dismissed from a civil service position or had their individual employment contract terminated for disciplinary reasons within the previous three years;
•    not have been an officer or collaborator of the former Securitate, in accordance with the applicable legislation.

Notes

•    Where obtaining an endorsement or authorization is established by law as a specific requirement for a civil service position, this requirement must be fulfilled in accordance with the applicable sector-specific legislation.
•    To be eligible for management civil service positions, candidates must hold a Master's degree in public administration, management, or in the field of studies required for the position, or an equivalent qualification in accordance with Article 57(2) of Law No. 199/2023.
•    By way of exception, management civil service positions within the local public administration authorities of communes and towns may be occupied, through competition organized in accordance with the law, by candidates holding a Bachelor's degree, respectively long-cycle higher education studies completed with a diploma of Bachelor's degree or equivalent, or short-cycle higher education studies completed with a diploma in the field of studies required for the civil service position.

A civil servant is a person appointed to a civil service position by means of an administrative act, in accordance with the law.

• senior civil servants;
• management civil servants ;
• executive civil servants (professional grades: junior, assistant, principal, senior).

The following are appointed as junior civil servants:
•    persons who have successfully passed the competition for appointment to a junior civil service position;
•    persons appointed following the conversion, until 1 January 2020, of contractual positions into civil service positions, and who do not meet the professional experience requirements in the field of studies necessary for appointment to a permanent executive civil service position.

The following are appointed as permanent civil servants:
•    junior civil servants who have successfully completed the probationary period provided by law and have obtained a satisfactory performance assessment;
•    persons entering the civil service through the recruitment procedures provided for by law and who have at least one year of professional experience in the field of studies required for the civil service position.

NOT ALL PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES ARE CIVIL SERVANTS!

The following categories of personnel are not civil servants:
•    contract staff employed by public authorities and institutions who perform secretarial, administrative, protocol, housekeeping, maintenance and repair, support, security, or other activities that do not involve the exercise of the prerogatives of public power;
•    contract staff employed in the office of a holder of public dignity office;
•    judges and prosecutors, personnel assimilated to them and, where applicable, auxiliary staff within the courts;
•    teaching staff and other categories of personnel employed in educational institutions;
•    persons appointed or elected to public dignity offices;
•    personnel employed in healthcare institutions;
•    personnel employed by autonomous administrations undertakings, national companies, national corporations, and other public sector companies;
•    military personnel;
•    members of the Romanian Diplomatic and Consular Body, as well as contract staff employed in specific positions within the ministry responsible for foreign affairs